Psoriasis is caused by an overactive immune system that makes skin cells grow much faster than normal. Normally, skin cells take about a month to form and shed, but in psoriasis, this process happens in just a few days. The extra cells build up on the surface of the skin, creating thick, scaly patches. The exact reason why the immune system acts this way isn’t fully understood, but several factors can trigger or worsen psoriasis, including:

• Genetics: It often runs in families.
• Immune system issues: The body mistakenly attacks healthy skin cells.
• Stress: Can trigger flare-ups or make symptoms worse.
• Infections: Such as strep throat or skin infections.
• Cold weather: Dry air and less sunlight can aggravate symptoms.
• Skin injuries: Cuts, scrapes, or sunburns can cause new patches to form.
• Certain medications: Such as beta-blockers, lithium, or some anti-inflammatory drugs.
• Alcohol and smoking: Both can increase the risk of flare-ups.

While you can’t completely prevent psoriasis, managing these triggers and following a treatment plan can greatly reduce symptoms and flare-ups.

The symptoms of psoriasis can vary from person to person, depending on the type and severity, but common signs include:

• Red, raised patches of skin covered with thick, silvery-white scales (called plaques).
• Dry, cracked skin that may bleed or feel sore.
• Itching, burning, or soreness in affected areas.
• Thickened or ridged nails, sometimes with discoloration or separation from the nail bed.
• Stiff or swollen joints (in some people, this may indicate psoriatic arthritis).

Psoriasis can appear anywhere, but it most often affects the scalp, elbows, knees, lower back, and nails. Symptoms may come and go — with periods of flare-ups followed by times when the skin improves or clears up completely.

Treatment for psoriasis focuses on controlling symptoms, reducing inflammation, and slowing the rapid growth of skin cells. The best approach depends on the type and severity of psoriasis, as well as how your body responds to treatment. Common options include:

1. Topical treatments (applied to the skin)

• corticosteroid creams/ointments, Vitamin D analogs, coal tar, moisturizers and emollients.

2. Light therapy (phototherapy)

• UVB or PUVA light therapy: Controlled exposure to ultraviolet light helps slow skin cell turnover and reduce plaques.

3. Systemic medications (oral or injectable)

• Used for moderate to severe psoriasis when topical treatments aren’t enough:

4. Lifestyle and self-care

• Keep skin moisturized.
• Avoid scratching or picking at plaques.
• Manage stress, as it can trigger flare-ups.

There’s no cure for psoriasis, but with the right treatment plan, most people can manage their symptoms and enjoy long periods of clear skin.

Psoriasis is a long-term condition, but with the right treatment and care, most people can keep it under good control. You may notice your skin starting to improve within a few weeks of treatment, though it can take a bit longer for some people.

Psoriasis often comes and goes — you might have times when your skin looks clear and healthy, and other times when symptoms return (called flare-ups). The goal of treatment is to reduce these flare-ups and keep your skin as clear and comfortable as possible.

By following your treatment plan, moisturizing regularly, managing stress, and avoiding your triggers, you can help your skin stay healthy for longer. Many people today are able to achieve clear or nearly clear skin and enjoy a normal, confident life.

1. Is psoriasis curable?

There’s no permanent cure yet, but treatments can greatly reduce symptoms and help keep your skin clear for long periods.

2. Is psoriasis contagious?

No — psoriasis is not contagious. You cannot catch it from or give it to someone else.

3. Where does psoriasis usually appear?

It often affects the scalp, elbows, knees, lower back, and nails, but it can appear anywhere on the body.

4. What can make psoriasis worse?

Stress, skin injuries, infections, smoking, alcohol, and cold or dry weather can trigger flare-ups.”